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Authors
Park, Chang-Deuk
Kwon, Kwanik
Yoo, Jeongwoo
Yoo, Nakyung
Choi, Chang-Yong
Yoon, Ju-Duk
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported by the National Institute of Ecology (NIE), funded by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment (MCEE) of the Republic of Korea (NIE- B-2025-47)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the Act on Conservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage. We obtained permits for the alteration of state-designated cultural heritage from the Korea Heritage Service for the periods of 2022–2023 (Permit Nos. 2022-0507, 2022-0959, and 2022-0510). All animal handling and experimental procedures complied with the Animal Protection Act and the Laboratory Animal Act of the Republic of Korea. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the National Institute of Ecology (Approval Nos. NIEIACUC-R-2021-011 and NIEIACUC-R-2022-003; period: 2021–2023).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
