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Authors
Zheng, Lin
Pickett, William
Liu, Jian
Leatherdale, Scott T.
Patte, Karen A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CIHR Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (OOP-110788)
CIHR Institute of Population and Public Health (MOP-114875, PJT-180262)
CIHR (PJT-148562, PJT-149092)
Health Canada (#1617-HQ-000012)
CIHR-Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (OF7 B1-PCPEGT 410-10-9633)
SickKids Foundation, CIHR Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health (Grant No. NI21-1193)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: The current study received ethics approval from Brock University (REB #23–280). The host COMPASS study received ethics approval from the University of Waterloo (ORE#30118), Brock University (REB#18–099; 23–087), CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale–Université Laval (#MP-13-2017-1264), and participating school boards.
: N/A.
: All students had parental/guardian consent to participate in the study. Students attending participating schools were invited to participate using active-information passive-consent parental permission protocols. Parents were informed of the study and could withdraw their child by contacting study staff. Students not withdrawn from the study by their parents were considered eligible to participate. Under passive-consent protocols, parental informed consent is assumed for all students whose parents that did not contact COMPASS staff to withdraw their child from the study, and this pertained to all participating students.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
