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Authors
Marwa, Khaldoun Ibrahim
Mohamed, Nawaf Salah Ayad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-2912
Abdu, Hassan Mohammed
Alsarari, Abdulrahman Abduljabbar https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0078-6483
Alsenidi, Shaden Ibrahim
Alotaibi, Nasser Eid https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8660-8219
Alrehaili, Mohammed Adel
Almughyir, Rayan Saleh
Binashikhbubkr, Noof K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-4709
Abdulkader, Anas A. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9796-8380
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: Before initiating the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board Committee (IRB) at AlMaarefa University (Ref. No: IRB24-028). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was electronically obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained, and participants retained the right to withdraw at any stage without any consequences.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
