Almazán, Clara https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9338-348X
Tárrega, Salomé https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-6795
Fornieles-Deu, Albert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-7328
Sánchez-Carracedo, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-6940
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018-099293-B-I00 and PID2022-138977OB-I00)
Article History
Received: 11 March 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Active parental informed consent and adolescent assent were collected at T1 (baseline). At T2 (two-year follow-up), all participants were 14 years old or older and therefore provided their own informed consent, in accordance with Article 7 of the Spanish Organic Law 3/2018. Families were kept informed throughout the study. This study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines established in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Assembly and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CEAAH 3451 at T1 / CERec-6677 at T2). Details about ethics are included in the procedure section.
Consent for publication: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. All authors consent to release for publication all details and figures in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.