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Article History

Received: 29 April 2025

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 14 June 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network study, with study procedures approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at each participating site.

: Not applicable.

: T.S. reported research funding from Compass Pathways, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the VA Cooperative Studies Program, and the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation. She has served as a consultant or advisory board member for Zylorion, MindMed, Intracellular Therapies, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Merck Research Laboratories, and Impel NeuroPharma Inc., and has financial interests with PsiloTec (stock options, terminated 8/2024). She also has stock ownership in Zylorion. Continuing medical education honoraria were received from Medscape (WebMD). She receives royalties from American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Hogrefe Publishing, Jones and Bartlett, and Wolters Kluwer Health (UpToDate).M.J.O. is currently serving as the Neurocrine Biosciences IDMC chair and has received research funding from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.B.D.O. has received lecture honoraria and grants from Angelini, Lundbeck, Janssen, Pfizer, Otsuka, Neuraxpharm, and Livanova.S.L.M. is employed by the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, the University of Cincinnati Physicians, and the Lindner Center of HOPE. She serves as a consultant or advisory board member for Axsome, Idorsia, Levo, Novo Nordisk, and Otsuka, and has been a principal investigator or co-investigator on studies sponsored by Axsome, the Marriott Foundation, Novo Nordisk, and Otsuka. Dr. McElroy is also the inventor of United States Patent No. 6,323,236 B2 and receives royalties from Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.H.G. received honoraria for lectures, scientific expertise, or advisory board participation from Janssen-Cilag, Recordati, and Rovi.M.A.F. received grant support from Assurex Health, the Baszucki Group, Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder (BD2), and the Mayo Foundation, serves as a consultant for Carnot Laboratories and the American Physician Institute, and has financial interests in Chymia LLC.R.C., M.M., C.M.K., R.W.K., P.E.K., J.L., W.A.N., and R.M.P. report no financial relationships with commercial interests.