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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 31 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted according to good clinical practice (GCP) standards and has been approved by the responsible Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the TUD Dresden University of Technology (No: EK290082014) and all local ethics committees. All participants provided written informed consent after comprehensive information about the study’s aims and procedures. For further details, please see Pfennig et al. ).

: Not applicable.

: EM, JM, AB, FB, CB, KLB, EB, CUC, UD, IF, AJF, PFP, SH, AJ, GJ, TK, SKÖ, ML, KL, BM, SM, EM, PM, PR, CS, TS and AP state to have no conflict of interest. SKS has received speaker’s honoraria from Takeda/Shire, Janssen Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH in the last 3 years. AR has received honoraria for lectures and/or advisory boards from Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, COMPASS, SAGE/Biogen, LivaNova, Medice, Shire/Takeda, MSD and cyclerion. Also, he has received research grants from Dedice and Janssen. MB has received grant support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, and the European Commission. He served as a consultant to GH Research, Janssen-Cilag, neuraxpharm, Novartis, Shire International, Sunovion, and Takeda, and received fees from Aristo, Hexal, Janssen- Cilag, and Sunovion. CU Correll has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Mindpax, LB Pharma and Quantic.