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Authors
Adolph, Jonas E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-8257
Pentek, Christina
Bauch, Thomas
Held, Clara
Brenner, Thorsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-877X
Felderhoff-Müser, Ursula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-8893
Grumaz, Silke https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7912-7806
Horvatek, Petra
Steindor, Mathis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-5297
Asar, Lucia
Voigt, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-9903
Dziobaka, Jan
Dohna-Schwake, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-5406
Goretzki, Sarah C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-070X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (reference number 23-11277-BO). The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and anonymised data analysis. All procedures followed the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data.
: Silke Grumaz is a co-founder, employee and shareholder of Noscendo GmbH.Petra Horvatek is a former employee of Noscendo GmbH.Thorsten Brenner has received a lecture honorarium from Noscendo GmbH.All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
