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Authors
Deng, Jue
Ma, Jianping
Ou, Yuanhua
Lu, Liqin
Cai, Jianhan
Zhu, Xiaoli
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Province Social Sciences Research Planning Foundation (FJ2023C014)
Fujian Province Social Sciences Research Planning Foundation (FJ2023C014)
Education and Research Project for Yong Teachers in Fujian Province (JAT220234)
Education and Research Project for Yong Teachers in Fujian Province (JAT220234)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Police College for research conducted with human subjects (EC-20230824-1022) and was performed in full compliance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later addenda. All participants provided written informed consent before responding to the survey. They were also informed that participation was voluntary and that the survey would be completely anonymous.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
