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Article History

Received: 8 August 2018

Accepted: 12 November 2018

First Online: 12 December 2018

Authors’ information

: LIR is a PhD level epidemiologist with interests in addressing human trafficking and labor explotation in females and males through research, advocacy and policy. SH is a professor of epidemiology and global public health. SH is the director of the Center for Midlife Science at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan. SB is an associate professor of sociology, joint associate professor of epidemiology, and research assistant professor in the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan. SB studies the social determinants of health disparities by gender, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic positions across societies. LK is an assistant professor of social epidemiology at the Gender Violence and Health Centre at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). CZ is a professor and founder of the Gender Violence and Health Centre at the LSHTM. Both LK and CZ are experts in the field of human trafficking with years of experience in policy and service-focused evidence from various countries in Asia, Latinoamerica and Europe.

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the LSHTM and by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Cambodia, the Hanoi School of Public Health in Vietnam, and the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security in Thailand. Core ethical guidance included measures to ensure that participation was voluntary and confidential, assurance that declining participation would not affect the provision of support services, avoidance and management of distress, and the offering of options for supported referral for health or other problems. The secondary analysis was approved by the University of Michigan Health Sciences and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board, eResearch ID: HUM00097096.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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