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Article History

Received: 1 April 2020

Accepted: 22 October 2020

First Online: 3 November 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All APA ethical guidelines were followed in data collection and analysis, with approval granted by committees through the associated institutions including Stanford University and Washington University in St. Louis for the current data collections (COA and TAP, respectively) and Washington University in Seattle, WA, for the Vietnam Era Twin Registry data reserve from earlier studies. All IRB reviews approved the use of verbal consent procedures for current data collections based on the low impact of the study itself, the deidentification procedures of the VET Registry, and on fact that all participants had previously provided written consent when enrolling in the VET Registry. In some cases, archival data had been previously collected under protocols that required written consent. In all cases, the data used in this study were deidentified but coordinated across studies with unique VETR case identification numbers.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.