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Article History

Received: 19 June 2023

Accepted: 7 November 2023

First Online: 13 November 2023

Declarations

:

: This research has received institutional approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee Sultan Idris Education University (Code: UPSI/PPPI/PYK/ETIKA(M)/014(643)) and the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Code: FRGS/1/2022/SS09/UPSI/02/4). All procedures conducted were in line with the guidelines and regulations provided by the ethical committee. A statement of informed consent was displayed to the participants on the first page of the online survey. The statement includes a brief overview of the research and objectives, information on the research team members, benefits and risks for participating, voluntary participation, confidentiality and anonymity, the estimated duration for answering the whole survey, and an agreement statement at the end of the first page, stating that participants give informed consent if they completed the survey. Informed consent was obtained by all participants included in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: The authors declared the use of artificial intelligence (AI), ChatGPT by OpenAI to help polish the writing process of the manuscript in the discussion section, paragraph 9, of the two last sentences to ensure easier understanding of the writings by the readers. The authors fully acknowledged the use of AI and responsibility for the respective content.