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The melody of language learning at intermediate and upper levels: an emphasis on free discussion panels as an indispensable part of language classes and the effects on willingness to communicate, growth mindfulness, and autonomy

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01645-5

Published Online: 2024-03-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

CAO, Jiaxue

Liu, Xiaoshuang
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2024-03-18

Version of Record valid from 2024-03-18
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Article History

Received: 26 January 2024

Accepted: 6 March 2024

First Online: 18 March 2024

Declarations

:

: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee at North China University of Science and Technology. Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants and their legal guardian (s). All the experiments in our study were conducted in accordance to the relevant guidelines and regulations of 1963 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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