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Article History

Received: 23 January 2024

Accepted: 22 October 2024

First Online: 24 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University and were in line with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was signed and obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Ethics approval was not required as per institutional guidelines and national laws and regulations because no unethical behavior existed in this study. We only conducted paper–pencil testing and were exempt from further ethics board approval because our study did not involve human clinical trials or animal experiments. In the survey process, all participants were informed that participation was voluntary and were assured that their responses would be only used for our study and kept strictly confidential. Therefore, only those who were willing to participate were recruited.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.