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Article History

Received: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 4 November 2024

First Online: 13 November 2024

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethical Review Committee of Hebei Normal University. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

: All subjects whose faces appear in this article gave informed consent for the publication of the facial images.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

: The authors declare no competing interests.