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Article History

Received: 16 February 2024

Accepted: 11 November 2024

First Online: 20 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available data in the form of transcripts from stand-up comedy shows. As such, no human participants were directly involved, and therefore, no informed consent to participate was obtained. The need for ethics approval was waived as the study did not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue. The data used in this study are freely accessible on public websites and do not require explicit consent for consultation.

: The data utilized in this study are publicly available transcripts from comedy specials, accessed from a repository intended for educational and non-profit purposes only. As such, no individual person’s data, including personal details, images, or videos, were included in the manuscript. Therefore, consent for publication was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.