Retraction Retraction dated 2026-07-07

Article History

Received: 28 August 2024

Accepted: 6 December 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Change Date: 7 July 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05081-5

Declarations

:

: The research followed the Ethical Principles of the American Psychological Association and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Weifang University of Science and Technology, China. It was made sure that the protection of rights and privacy was ensured, no harm or stress would occur, and participation was on a completely voluntary basis. Protection of data and confidentiality were maintained; no ethical standard or guideline was violated.

: Respondents were assured that participation in this research was strictly voluntary and that they could withdraw at any stage without any possible consequences. It was also assured that the responses would be kept confidential and used for research only. They consented to the completion and submission of the survey.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.