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Authors
Naseem, Sobia
Mohsin, Muhammad
Jamil, Khalid
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 20 January 2025
First Online: 27 January 2025
Declarations
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: The research reported in this article was conducted following the ethical guidelines of the College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, though no specific approval number was issued. All procedures adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants in the study, ensuring their understanding of the research purpose, procedures, and rights.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
