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Article History

Received: 20 September 2024

Accepted: 14 February 2025

First Online: 14 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Following the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration, this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Participants were informed about the study’s goals and had the freedom to withdraw at any time. All data collected were anonymized and treated with strict confidentiality, following ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.