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Article History

Received: 12 November 2024

Accepted: 18 February 2025

First Online: 9 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. All study protocols were approved by ethics committee of School of Foreign Languages, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology. An informed consent was obtained from the adolescents and from their parent(s) or legal guardian(s).

: Not applicable.

: We declared there is no competing interest.