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Article History

Received: 2 October 2023

Accepted: 25 February 2025

First Online: 12 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. We obtained a waiver of parental consent for adolescents aged 12–18 years as the research posed a minimal risk and could have presented potential harm for adolescents who had not or did not wish to divulge their LGBTQ identify to their parents. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand (No. 613/64). No names or personal details were collected to ensure confidentiality and privacy. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the Ethics Committee of the faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.

: linkedin.com/in/chansuda-bongsebandhu-88844748.

: Our study received financial support from from Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Grant No. GA65/03.