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Article History

Received: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 6 March 2025

First Online: 12 March 2025

Declarations

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: Ethical approval for the present study was obtained from the University of Hong Kong (Human Research Ethics Committee’s Reference Number: EA2003020). Prior to the commencement of the questionnaire survey, all participants signed consent forms, verbal informed consent was also obtained from participants’ parents or legal guardians, and anonymous pen-and-paper questionnaires were then distributed. The procedure of obtaining consent is approved by the ethics committee. This study reporting experiments on humans has confirmed that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. For more details about the ethical principles and guidelines for educational research involving human participants, please refer to .

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.