Villena-Moya, Alejandro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-4440
Potenza, Marc N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-1354
Granero, Roser https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-3198
Paiva, Úrsula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1992-0507
Arrondo, Gonzalo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-8959
Chiclana-Actis, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-7045
Fernández-Aranda, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-9898
Jiménez-Murcia, Susana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-8033
Normand, Enrique
Ballester, Lluís https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-7511
Mestre-Bach, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-0484
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center for Responsible Gaming Center of Excellence grant
Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling and the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services
The Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies
Fundación Ciudadanía y Valores y Proeduca Summa S.L
Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2020‐030744‐I)
Institute for Culture and Society (ICS) challenge on "Youth, relationships and psychological well-being" of the University of Navarra
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-101837-B-100)
Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (FIS PI14/00290, FIS PI17/01167)
Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2019I47 and 2021I031)
Postdoctoral grant of FUNCIVA
Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 18 March 2025
First Online: 8 April 2025
Change Date: 20 May 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02878-8
Declarations
:
: The study, approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the International University of La Rioja (reference PI: 018/2020), was conducted in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. Students were informed that participation was voluntary, responses were anonymous, and non-participation carried no consequences. All participants completed the informed consent form. For underage students, parental or legal guardian authorization was also required. School management boards provided permission for their institutions to participate, and all participants were informed about the study.
: Not applicable.
: F.F.-A. and S.J.-M. received consultancy and speakers honoraria from Novo Nordisk. M.N.P discloses that he has consulted for and advised Game Day Data, Addiction Policy Forum, AXA, Idorsia, Baria-Tek, and Opiant Therapeutics; been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; received research support from the Mohegan Sun Casino, Children and Screens and the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; consulted for or advised legal and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control, internet use and addictive behaviors; provided clinical care related to impulse-control and addictive behaviors; performed grant reviews; edited journals/journal sections; given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical/scientific venues; and generated books or chapters for publishers of mental health texts. The other authors report no disclosures.