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Authors
Shao, Yanhong
Jiang, Wenxuan
Zhu, Hongdong
Zhang, Chao
Xu, Weili
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Special Research Project on Co-Building a High-Quality New Ecology for Foreign Language Education of Jiangsu higher education institutions (Grant no.2022WJYB008)
the International Chinese Language Education Research Program (Grant no. 23YH82C)
the Higher Education Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Province (Grant no. 2023RW050)
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2024
Accepted: 20 March 2025
First Online: 3 April 2025
Declarations
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: This manuscript is not under review elsewhere and the results have not been published previously or accepted for publication. This manuscript has been seen and approved by all authors. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the research ethics committee of at Qufu Normal University before data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
