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Article History

Received: 31 May 2024

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This research did not collect any traceable data from respondents, and respondents’ personal identity cannot be identified. Ethics approval for this study was received from Ethics Committee of Macau University of Science and Technology. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the present study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.