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Article History

Received: 17 March 2024

Accepted: 14 April 2025

First Online: 20 April 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of School of psychology at Fujian Normal University before data collection. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.