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Article History

Received: 25 June 2024

Accepted: 18 April 2025

First Online: 7 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The present research project has been assessed and approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the Jilin Engineering Normal University. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and Chinese regulations, ensuring ethical standards were maintained throughout the research process. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were required to consent to the survey terms, which were clearly outlined at the beginning of the survey. This included information on the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, anonymity of responses, and how the data would be used. Once consent was obtained, participants proceeded to answer the questions. A support contact was provided within the survey so that participants could reach out if they encountered any problems or needed clarification on the survey questions.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.