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Article History

Received: 12 December 2024

Accepted: 24 April 2025

First Online: 9 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants provided informed consent prior to study enrollment. For minors under the age of 16, both the participants and their legal guardians (parents) provided written informed consent. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of China University of Petroleum, and the study was conducted in strict adherence to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.