Özcan, Meryem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9268-630X
Çekmecelioğlu, Hülya Gündüz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-4939
Konakay, Gönül https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8992
Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 6 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Kocaeli University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee, with the approval number 2020/14, decision number 18. The study follows ethical guidelines for scientific research and publication.Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participation was voluntary, and participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequence. The data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire, and participants were required to give their consent before starting the survey. The questionnaire included demographic questions, self-concept clarity, psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.