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Article History

Received: 29 November 2023

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 21 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study has been conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Psychology Department of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Italy (CERPS) (Reference Number: 42 − 21). All adult athletes and parents of junior athletes filled in and signed an informed consent form before beginning the research about the research protocol, data protection and privacy according to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; EU 2016/679). The study’s objectives, confidentiality, and anonymity were described, and volunteers were given full authority to complete the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations in the declaration - Ethics approval and consent to participate section.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.