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Article History

Received: 12 December 2024

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 10 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee of human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. All participants carefully read and signed the informed consent form before beginning their participation in this study. This study uses anonymous information data to conduct research, and does not cause harm to the human body and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. Because of the informed consent and the hypothetical and non-intrusive nature of the study, no formal ethics committee was required to review the study as per the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans promulgated by China.

: No applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.