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Authors
Huang, Yinghang
Wu, Xiaojing
Tamim, Muhaned
Jin, Xiayun
Ma, Lin
Xu, Jie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Youth Fund of Ministry of Education of China (23YJC190028)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62307005)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2025
First Online: 23 June 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Northeast Normal University (Approval No. 2024022). The research protocol adhered to the ethical guidelines established by the American Psychological Association and the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to data collection, we obtained written informed consent from multiple stakeholders: the participating students, their parents/legal guardians, and school administrators. The consent forms detailed the study’s purpose, voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality measures, and participants’ right to withdraw at any time without consequences. All data were collected anonymously, with personal identifiers removed during data processing and analysis. The data management procedures complied with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines, ensuring participant privacy and data security throughout the research process.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
