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Authors
Fan, Chuanhao
Lu, Jianbo
Zhang, Long
Shang, Bingbing
Gong, Yao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Social Science Fund (24GBL286, 24GBL286, 24GBL286)
the Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Fund (23GLB004, 23GLB004, 23GLB004, 23GLB004)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Declarations
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: All research methods and procedures in this study adhered to the relevant provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants volunteered to participate and were fully informed of the research purpose. Respondents could withdraw from the survey midway, and completing and submitting the questionnaire was regarded as consent to participate. Participants submitted questionnaires anonymously, and their information was only used for aggregate statistical analysis. Ethical review and approval were waived for this study according to the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (Article 32, Chap. 3) ().
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
