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Article History

Received: 25 December 2024

Accepted: 30 June 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the participants in the study.

: Not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.