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Authors
Song, Liting
Zhang, Guanghui
Silvennoinen, Johanna
Cong, Fengyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (No. 201906060241)
Dalian University of Technology in China (DUT20LAB303 and DUT20LAB308)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Liaoning Province (no. 2021JH1/10400049)
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Article History
Received: 20 September 2024
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Engineering Ethics Review Group of Dalian University of Technology, China, and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval number is DUTBME230404-01. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement, and all methods were performed in compliance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The findings presented in this manuscript are original and have neither been published elsewhere nor submitted for consideration by any other publisher or any of the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
