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Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 24 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

: All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study.

: Not applicable.

: This study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (), including: Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects (Revised March 27, 2023. ), Amendments based on the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (March 31, 2022. ), and Guidance for Research Involving Human Subjects (Revised April 1, 2024. ). The study was approved by the Waseda University ethical review committee (Approval Number: 2024-HN041).

: All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and participated voluntarily with the option to withdraw at any time.

: The study was approved by the Waseda University ethical review committee (Approval Number: 2024-HN041). It was conducted in accordance with the relevant ethical guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

: Not applicable.

: The authors have no competing interests to declare.

: This study was not preregistered. The Python analysis scripts used to generate the results reported in this manuscript are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.