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Authors
Liu, Guofeng
Pan, Xiaoting
Shen, Chen
Pan, Lingling
Li, Yumei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Nature Cultivation Project of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University
"Three-year Action Plan for Discipline Construction of School of Nursing", Tongji University School of Medicine
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Declarations
:
: No applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Lung Hospital affiliated to Tongji University. The ethical approval number of the study is Q23-411.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
