Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 August 2024

Accepted: 22 July 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All study participants provided informed consent, and the study design was approved by Ethics Committee of Soochow University (ECSU) (Approval No. SUDA20221228H05) “in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki”. We used pseudonym names to replace institution names, and participants’ names for the protection of participants’ privacy. Prior to data collection, we obtained written informed consent from all student participants and their guardians, parent participants, and participant teachers. The consent forms included the study’s purpose, voluntary participation, confidentiality, data collection measures, and participants’ right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.