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Article History

Received: 29 March 2024

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 20 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved before data collection by the Institutional Review Board of Guangzhou medical university (Approval No. 202312001). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Guangzhou medical university. An electronic version of informed consent was obtained through an online survey platform. Once participants opened the survey link, participants were instructed to read the consent form to ensure they fully understood the purpose and procedures of this study, and the risks and benefits of participating in it. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. All participants were assured of confidentiality and informed of their right to withdraw at any time. The data were only used for this study and would be destroyed at the end of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.