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Authors
Chuang, Tsai-Fu
Lin, Mei-Hui
Wu, Tsaur-Chin
Chuang, Ming-Da
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2024
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
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: The survey conducted as part of this study was in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Master of Business Administration Thesis Review Committee of MingDao University. All participants gave informed consent before participating. (Note: The corresponding author was affiliated with MingDao University at the time this research was conducted.)
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
