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Authors
Piri, Mahsa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-6748
Maleki, Azam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7888-1985
Saed, Omid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-6203
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan (A-11-344-35)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures of the study were in accordance with the protocol of the regional ethical research committee (the Zanjan University of Medical Science with the registration code (IR.ZUMS.REC.1402.080), and with the declaration of Helsinki 1964. After informing the study’s purposes, written consent was obtained from all women. They were informed that their participation was voluntary, confidential, and anonymous, and was apprised of their right to withdraw from the research at any time. From all mothers who were willing to participate written informed consent was obtained.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
