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Article History

Received: 12 May 2025

Accepted: 4 August 2025

First Online: 15 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the University of Education, Winneba, and all participating institutions. Informed consent was secured from all participants either in person or via printed or electronic consent forms. Participants were fully informed of the purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits of the study, and their voluntary participation, with explicit assurance of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained throughout the research process, with all data securely stored and transmitted using encrypted systems.

: Not Applicable. This study does not include identifying images or personal or clinical details of participants that could compromise anonymity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.