Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Sun, Xiuming
Xu, Zhenting
Liu, Lin
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (21YJCZH143, 21YJCZH143, 21YJCZH143)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 28 January 2024
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 30 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University of Technology [2022/21YJCZH143]. The research complies with ethical requirements. Meanwhile, all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent and a detailed introduction to the research purpose were provided to all participants together with the questionnaires. All participants confirmed their understanding of the study and agreed to participate voluntarily.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
