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Authors
Yao, Yingying
Chen, Jianqiao
Chi, Haoyang
Hang, Yaming
Qiao, Zhihong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Social Science Fund of China (CIA230326)
the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education (23YJA190014)
the National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD153)
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2024
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before the survey. The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of Beijing Normal University (No. 20221201120).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
