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Authors
Tsurumi, Kosuke
Fujiwara, Hironobu
Uwatoko, Teruhisa
Murai, Toshiya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Smoking Research Foundation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21H05173)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2024
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine (ref No: R3047) and was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Upon accessing the provided URL, participants found an explanation of the study on the first page, and then they proceeded to the survey after providing their consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
