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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 20 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval for this study was given by the ethics committee of Izmir Bakırçay University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee to conduct the study (Decision no:758, Date: 09.11.2022), institutional permission was obtained from the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences of İzmir Bakırçay University (No: E-99838568-000-2200036679, Date: 18.11.2022), for the scales to be used, permission was obtained from the researchers who developed the scales via e-mail and written informed consent was obtained from the participants. Since all participants were over 16 years of age, it was not necessary to obtain permission from their parents.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.