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Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare’s Ethics Committee. The participants gave informed consent by answering the survey. Participation was voluntary. Parents were informed about the study in advance and had the right to withdraw their child under the age of 15 from participating in the survey. As a large survey, SHPS complies with national legislation and institutional requirements in the Nordic countries, where written informed consent from participants’ legal guardians/next of kin was not required for participation in the current study. This procedure followed the Finnish National Board of Research Integrity (TENK) ethical principles of collecting large, anonymised data from minors. In this case it is sufficient to inform the parent or carer of a child under the age of 15 about the research so that they can refuse their child’s participation in the research if they wish. The number of respondents is large if the survey targets at least 400 people. Informing the parent or carer is also sufficient in research that does not involve the processing of the personal data of the minor participant. The present study was conducted in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.