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Authors
Liu, Wenxuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-5615
Wu, Qinglu
Xu, Yuebin
Sommet, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-1274
Du, Hongfei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-8463
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Lausanne
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: Study 1 used publicly available de-identified secondary data and the authors had no interaction with the participants; therefore, human subjects ethical review was not required. Study 2a (SSDPP-HSC 2022004) and Study 2b (SSDPP-HSC 2022008) received ethical approvals from the institutional review board of the corresponding author’s university and were conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were informed that their participation was entirely voluntary, and their responses would remain confidential.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Clinical trial: Clinical trial number: Not applicable, as this study was not conducted in a clinical setting.
