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Article History

Received: 16 February 2025

Accepted: 4 September 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted strictly in accordance with related laws and regulations of China, and the engaged methods were noninvasive to participants. This project was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University (IRB No. Approved: H21092 and date of 4 November 2023).

: All participants were provided with detailed information regarding the purpose, procedures, and potential dissemination of the study findings. Written informed consent was obtained prior to data collection, explicitly including permission to publish anonymized direct quotations from their interviews in academic publications. Participants were assured that all identifying information would be removed or altered to ensure confidentiality, and that their responses would be used solely for scholarly purposes.

: The authors declare no competing interests.