Afrashteh, Majid Yousefi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-7112
Hanifeh, Parinaz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-6376
Majzoobi, Mohammad Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-431X
Article History
Received: 16 January 2023
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
:
: All participants gave informed written consent with the right to withdraw at any time. The research was ethically conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. In the first part of the questionnaire, there was a paragraph introducing the aim of the study and assuring data confidentiality through anonymous questionnaires. Participants did not experience any harm and were allowed to stop their participation during the data collection process. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants and from legal guardians for participants under the age of 16. The Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Approval No. IR.KUMS.REC.1400.608).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.