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Article History

Received: 10 February 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the Dokuz Eylul University Non-Invasive Research Ethics Committee (Approval Date: 22/09/2021, Decision Number: 2021/26 − 08). Institutional permission was also secured from the nursing school where the study took place. Participation was entirely voluntary. Students were informed both verbally and in writing about the study’s objectives, procedures, their rights as participants, and their freedom to withdraw at any time without consequences. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants. To ensure confidentiality, the questionnaires were completed anonymously, and the primary researcher had no role in students’ academic evaluation or instruction, minimizing the risk of coercion.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.